Weed information

Table of contents

CAWS ORATION

Weed management at the border, at the garden fence and in the bush. R.H. Groves

KEYNOTE ADDRESSES

The age of weeds. Julian Cribb

Reflections on weeds and water – another NWI? Bobbie Brazil

PLENARY SESSION 1. BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE WAY FORWARD?

Australian attitudes to GM foods and crops. Craig Cormick

Global trends in ecological studies of GMOs. W.M. Lonsdale

Gene technology regulation in Australia: a framework for identifying, assessing and managing risks. Sue Meek

New frontiers in weed science: from transgenics to genomics. C. Neal Stewart, Jr.

PLENARY SESSION 2. PLANT INTRODUCTIONS: CAN WE DO A BETTER JOB?

Plant introductions – a grower’s view. Michael Cole

New perennial plant options needed to transform agriculture and manage salinity. Michael A. Ewing

Without expected benefits, is weed assessment a frustrating search for the wrong needle in the wrong haystack? Cheryl Kalisch Gordon

A South African perspective on plant introductions: motivations, problems and processes. Brian W. van Wilgen

Plant introductions in Australia: how can we resolve ‘weedy’ conflicts of interest? John G. Virtue, Sarita J. Bennett and Roderick P. Randall

PLENARY SESSION 3. MATTERS OF PRINCIPLE?

When is it optimal to eradicate a weed invasion? Oscar Cacho

Tackling invasive garden plants: a question of prevention. Andreas Glanznig

Eradication or control? Combating plants through a lump sum payment or on the instalment plan. Richard N. Mack and Sara K. Foster

‘To declare or not to declare? That is the question’. Craig Walton

PLENARY SESSION 4. MANAGING THE WEED RISK: TRADE, QUARANTINE AND BIOCONTROL?

Are we doing enough about early detection of weed species naturalising in Australia? John R. Hosking, Barbara M. Waterhouse and Peter A. Williams

Trade routes for commerce in plants or pathways for invasive species? The dualism of international commerce. Richard N. Mack

Biological control: managing risks or strangling progress? Rachel E. McFadyen

STUDENT PAPERS

How profitable are perennial pasture phases in Western Australian cropping systems? Graeme J. Doole, David J. Pannell, Clinton K. Revell and Amir Abadi

Towards a landscape-scale mechanistic weed risk model. Shaun Kolomeitz and Rieks van Klinken

How effective is host testing at predicting non-target impacts of weed biological control agents in Australia? Dianne B.J. Taylor, Tim A. Heard and Helen Spafford Jacob

Glyphosate resistance management in Roundup Ready® cotton. Jeff Werth, Christopher Preston, Grant Roberts and Ian Taylor

Recruitment and survival of Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Tieneke F. Cowan, Brian M. Sindel and Robin S. Jessop

Seed dispersal of Orobanche ramosa L. in South Australia. Emma L. Crossfield, Jennifer Watling, John Virtue and John Matthews

The role of natural enemies in regulating populations of biocontrol agents on gorse (Ulex europaeus L.). Jamie T. Davies, John E. Ireson and Geoff R. Allen

Do all legumes pose the same weed risk? Development of a method to evaluate the risk of introduced legumes to temperate Australia. Jason Emms, John G. Virtue, Christopher Preston and William D. Bellotti

Genetic variation in the blackberry biocontrol agent Phragmidium violaceum (Schultz). Don R. Gomez, Katherine J. Evans, Eileen Scott, Paul Harvey, Jeanine Baker and Louise Morin

Effect of clipping and fertiliser addition on the feed value of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) during reproductive growth stages. Charles Grech, David McLaren, David Chapman and Brian M. Sindel

Potential for reduction of weed seed set through interference with phytohormones. Kerensa May Greenfield, Angela Wakelin, Stephen B. Powles and Christopher Preston

Characteristics of Sollya heterophylla Lindl.: a native weedy plant. Anna Traeger, Helen Spafford Jacob and Eligio Bruzzese

Assessing invasiveness of the potential sleeper weed Centaurea solstitialis L. Gregory Hay, José Facelli and F. Dane Panetta

Evolution or spread? The case of herbicide resistant Lactuca serriola L. in South Australia. Yi Qing Lu, Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston

Effects of bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. ssp. rotundata (DC.) Norl.) invasion and control activities on coastal dune communities in New South Wales, Australia. Tanya Mason, Kris French and Mark Lonsdale

Invasion of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) in a remnant vegetation patch: methodology and initial results. Kris Siderov and Nigel Ainsworth

Effect of competition on seed dispersal. M.S. Taghizadeh and R.D. Cousens

Delivery of best weed management practices for meat sheep producers. Mark G. Trotter, Brian M. Sindel, Jim M. Scott and Ian J. Reeve

CROPPING SYSTEMS

Agro-ecological approaches to managing weeds in wet direct-seeded rice Madonna C. Casimero and Leylani M. Juliano

Wheat, barley and triticale as mimic weeds for wild oat in chickpea studies. Bruce M. Haigh, Robin S. Jessop, Robert D. Murison and Warwick L. Felton

The effect of summer weed management on grain yield and quality. Graham M. Fromm and Vanessa L. Grieger

The potential role of weed functional groups in cropping systems. Deirdre Lemerle, Andrew Storrie and F. Dane Panetta

Summer fallow weeds: a national study – water, nitrogen, seed banks and impact on subsequent winter crops. Vikki Osten, Abul Hashem, Deirdre Lemerle, Catherine Borger, Eric Koetz, Megan McCosker and Glen Wright

Non-chemical weed control in an organic wheat crop Thomas R. Sweeny and Steven R. McCoy

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control in winter wheat in Wyoming. Craig M. Alford and Stephen D. Miller

Low chemical input for weed management in stubble retention farming systems of south eastern Australia. Eric Koetz and Deirdre Lemerle

Tillage and residue management practices affect weed dynamics and wheat grain yield. S.D. Sharma, Samar Singh, Harpal Singh and Sandeep Narwal

Management of crop weeds through the strategic use of annual pasture. Clinton K. Revell and Dean K. Thomas

RANGELAND SYSTEMS

Integrated control methods for bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia L.) in northern Queensland: preliminary results. Faiz Bebawi, Joseph Vitelli, Shane Campbell and Matthew Madigan

Effects of para grass (Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen) invasion on terrestrial invertebrates of a tropical floodplain. Michael M. Douglas and Ruth A. O’Connor

Pest or pasture? Introduced pasture grasses in the Northern Territory. Blair S. Grace, Mark R. Gardener and Arthur G. Cameron

Will fire help control Parkinsonia aculeata L.? A.C. Grice, J.R. McKenzie, D.M. Nicholas, M. Pattison, L.V. Whiteman, K.E. Steele and S.D. Campbell

Temporal fluctuations of Parkinsonia aculeata L. seedling germination and growth in three Australian rangelands habitats Roger Lawes

Exotic grass invasion in the tropical savanna of northern Australia: ecosystem consequences. Natalie Rossiter, Samantha Setterfield, Michael Douglas, Lindsay Hutley and Garry Cook

Management of invasive rangeland shrubs. Shane Campbell, Wayne Vogler, Rieks van Klinken, John McKenzie, Faiz Bebawi and Tony Grice

How abundant and widespread are riparian weeds in the dry tropics of north-east Queensland? A.C. Grice, R.A. Lawes, B.N. Abbott, D.M. Nicholas and L.V. Whiteman

Controlling dense infestations of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata L.). John R. McKenzie, Mike J. Pattison, Karen E. Steele, Shane D. Campbell and Joseph S. Vitelli

Effects of mission grass (Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult.) invasion on fuel loads and nitrogen availability in a northern Australia tropical savanna. M.M. Douglas, S.A. Setterfield, N. Rossiter, J. Barratt and L.B. Hutley

HORTICULTURAL SYSTEMS

Estimating when to weed an organically-grown onion crop. Graeme W. Bourdôt, Geoff A. Hurrell and David J. Saville

What happens when a biocontrol agent attacks exotic but desired ornamentals? Philip E. Maher, Brett J. Davis, Michael D. Day, A. Peter Mackey, William A. Palmer and Elizabeth L. Snow

Improved management of weeds under drip-irrigated grape vines. Rhonda Smith, Emily Rouse, Deirdre Lemerle and Ron Hutton

CONSERVATION AND AMENITY SYSTEMS

An adaptive experimental management program for English broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link in Victoria. Cathy Allan, John Wright and Kelly Raymond

Developing best practice roadside Parthenium hysterophorus L. control. Simon J. Brooks, Joseph S. Vitelli and Allan G. Rainbow

Towards more strategic management of weeds on ‘Top End’ Aboriginal lands. Mark R. Gardener, Michael J. Storrs and Steve Wingrave

Asparagus weeds research and management in South Australia. Susan L. Lawrie

Exotic grass fuel in south eastern Australia. John Stoner, Robyn Adams and Dianne Simmons

Urban weed control: innovations in kerb and channel weed management. Rod Wood

Does gorse make a difference? Peter A. Williams, Jon J. Sullivan and Susan M. Timmins

Weed control and restoration around the El Junco Lagoon, San Cristóbal, Galápagos-Ecuador. Patricio Yánez, Nelson García and Chris Buddenhagen

AQUATIC SYSTEMS

Improved strategic planning and management of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) – myth or reality? Nimal Chandrasena, Lalith Gunasekera and Rebecca Coventry

Assessing weed impacts on the recruitment of riparian overstorey species. Fiona J. Ede, Nigel Ainsworth and Trevor D. Hunt

Elodea: an emerging submerged weed in Victoria. Lalith Gunasekera

Impacts of willow (Salix × rubens) invasion on riparian bird assemblages. Sarah Holland-Clift, Dennis O’Dowd and Ralph MacNally

Monitoring Ludwigia longifolia at Mambo Wetlands: investigation of a potentially invasive new weed incursion for Port Stephens Council. Stephen McCall

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Novel non-selective herbicide mixtures to combat resistance. Catherine P. Borger and Abul Hashem

Evaluation of oxadiargyl herbicide in various Australian horticultural crops. Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston

The need for best practice herbicide management. John Kent

Bentazone – surfactant interactions in three selected weed species of differing leaf characteristics. Irene McKay, S.D. Sharma, R.C. Kirkwood, R. Frank and G. Retzlaff

Response of Prosopis velutina Woot. to a selection of aerially applied herbicides. E.C. Sparkes and D.J. Midmore

Glyphosate – another tool for managing serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.). Birgitte Verbeek, Fiona Leech and Linda Ayres

Validating the factors affecting clodinafop efficacy. Todd S. Andrews, Richard W. Medd, Remy van de Ven and David I. Pickering

The chemical control of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) at Warrill Creek, Queensland. Rebecca Breaden and Trevor Armstrong

A comparison of wheat and barley response to herbicides between southern New South Wales and southern Queensland. John Churchett, Steve Walker, Peter Lockley and Deirdre Lemerle

Tolerance of barley to phenoxy herbicides. Harmohinder S. Dhammu, Chad Sayer and Terry J. Piper

Timing of application of phenoxy herbicides in wheat. Harmohinder S. Dhammu and Terry J. Piper

Tolerance of chickpea to isoxaflutole. Warwick L. Felton, Ted J. Knights, Bruce M. Haigh and Steve Harden

Evaluation of new herbicides for use in capsicums and chillies. Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston

Evaluation of new herbicides in lettuce crops. Phillip R. Frost and Tim L. Hingston

Spraytopping as a management tool to reduce seed production in Chilean needle grass infestations Shiv Gaur and David McLaren

Controlling silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.), a deep-rooted perennial weed, with herbicides and grazing. Victoria Hawker

Efficacy of some new herbicides on both grassy and broadleaf weeds in wheat at Peshawar, Pakistan. Imtiaz Khan, Gul Hassan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

Studies on chemical weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Gul Hassan, Imtiaz Khan and Yousaf Hayat

Selective herbicidal activity of an indole alkaloid isolated from Rhazya stricta Decne. growing in Saudi Arabia. Alaa Kamel and Khalid Al-Mutlaq

Effect of herbicide application to emerged seed heads on the viability of panicle seed and cleistogenes of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana). Graeme H. Pritchard

Effect of adjuvant on the movement of 14C-glyphosate in two model plants. Shiv D. Sharma and M. Singh

Effectiveness of spraytopping to control glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Rex Stanton and Jim Pratley

Isoxaben tankmixes provide safe, effective residual weed control in vines. Gregory S. Wells

Clopyralid improves control of volunteer legumes with glyphosate. Gregory S. Wells

Cyhalofop – hard on barnyard and silvertop grasses but soft on rice. Gregory S. Wells

Herbicide based strategies for maize to prevent development of resistance in weeds in the Ukraine. Viktor Zadorozhny

CULTURAL CONTROL

Response of blackberry to the 2003 wildfires in Victoria. Nigel Ainsworth and Franz Mahr

Hypochaeris radicata L., the most common broadleaf weed of the perennial pasture zone of New South Wales. Jim J. Dellow, Warren McG. King, Geoff C. Wilson and Bruce A. Auld

Managing herbicide resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in no-till systems in Western Australia using occasional inversion ploughing. Alexandra Douglas and Sally C. Peltzer

Comparing weed competition in chickpea, fababean, canola and wheat Warwick L. Felton, Bruce M. Haigh and Steve Harden

Effect of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) density and lupin cultivars on their competition. Abul Hashem, Bob French, and Catherine Borger

Effect of night cultivation on the emergence and competition of weeds in buckwheat. David Van Ryswyk, Brian M. Sindel, Robin Jessop and Paul Kristiansen

Precision in physical weed management. Nicholas Bromet and Jeff Tullberg

Energy use in physical and herbicide weed control. Nicholas Bromet and Jeff Tullberg

Influence of seeding systems on annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seedling recruitment and competitive interactions with lentil (Lens culinaris). Samuel Kleemann and Gurjeet Gill

Above and below-ground interference of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrille) by shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and soybean. Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nassab, Karl Hammer, Aziz Javanshir, Houshang Alyari and Mohammad Moghaddam

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

Endemic fungi inhibit germination of serrated tussock seed: an alternative to classical biological control? Seona G. Casonato, Ann C. Lawrie, Kym L. Butler and David A. McLaren

Environmental conditions and biological control in the Top End: experiments suggesting new directions. Blair S. Grace, Susan Hosking and Veronica Edgar

Biological control of bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides (L.) W.Wight, in citrus orchards. Raelene M. Kwong and Sarah Holland-Clift

The potential for using mycoherbicides to control weeds from the family Brassicaceae in Australia. Aaron Maxwell and John K. Scott

Biological control in the Top End: getting communities involved. Nicole Ostermeyer, Blair Grace, Merrilyn Paskins, Vanessa McIntyre and Bronwyn Routley

Analysis of the non-target attack by the lantana sap-sucking bug, Aconophora compressa, and its implications for biological control in Australia. William A. Palmer, Michael D. Day, Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, Elizabeth L. Snow and A. Peter Mackey

Abiotic factors affecting the pathogenicity of a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-based mycoherbicide. B.M. Pottinger, H.J. Ridgway, G. Bourdôt and A. Stewart

The population and impact of Longitarsus echii Koch (Coleoptera: Chrysmelidae), a root-feeding beetle on Echium plantagineum L. under field grazing conditions. Matthew Smyth, Andy Sheppard and Ruth Huwer

The release and establishment of the bitou bush agent Tortrix sp. in New South Wales from 2001–2004. Anthony Swirepik, Ruth Aveyard, Royce Holtkamp and Phillip Stephenson

100 years of weed biological control in Queensland. Craig Walton

Investigating genetic diversity to improve the biological control process. Trevor J. Wardill, Glenn C. Graham, Andrew Manners, Julia Playford, Myron Zalucki, William A. Palmer and Kirsten D. Scott

Successful biological control of salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.Mitch.) at Tweed Heads South, New South Wales. Karen L. Cranney

Improving release strategies to increase the establishment rate of weed biocontrol agents. Michael D. Day, David T. Briese, Blair S. Grace, Royce H. Holtkamp, John E. Ireson, Andy W. Sheppard and Helen Spafford Jacob

Classical biological control of Californian thistle: the New Zealand story. A. Hugh Gourlay

Activity and location of the bridal creeper leafhopper (Zygina sp.) during summer senescence of bridal creeper foliage in southern Victoria. Sarah Holland-Clift, Emily R. Creese and Raelene M. Kwong

Biological control of prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan): early signs of establishment of an introduced agent. Catherine J. Lockett and William A. Palmer

An insecticidal exclusion method for studying biological control impacts on ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and Paterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum L.). Thomas B. Morley and Julio C. Bonilla

Establishment and dispersal of dock moth Pyropteron doryliformis (Ochsenheimer) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) in Victoria. Thomas B. Morley, Steven Faulkner and Ian G. Faithfull

Using bacteria to control annual cropping weeds. S.C. Peltzer and R.J. Kremer

Importation, establishment and preliminary impact assessment of Chamaesphecia mysiniformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for the biological control of horehound in Australia. Jean-Louis Sagliocco and John Weiss

The effectiveness of ant baiting to reduce predation of Crioceris sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent for bridal creeper. Thomas Reilly, Helen Spafford Jacob and Kathryn Batchelor

Oviposition behaviour of biological control agents for Paterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum L. Boraginaceae). Jodie Hawley, Helen Spafford Jacob, Paul Wilson and Geoff Strickland

Interactions between two weed biological control agents, an insect and pathogen, and the response of their host. Peter Turner, Louise Morin, David Williams and Darren Kriticos

Biocontrol of Emex at the expense of Tamarix incursions? Paul B. Yeoh, John K. Scott and Tim L. Woodburn

HERBICIDE RESISTANCE

Roadside canola in South Australia and Victoria: persistent or transient populations? Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston

Determining the extent of herbicide resistance in the rice growing regions of southern Australia. John C. Broster, James E. Pratley, Giles E. Flower and Ragini Flower

The impact of the cotton farming system on weed succession: implications for herbicide resistance and adoption of an integrated weed management approach. Graham Charles, Ian Taylor and Grant Roberts

Diflufenican resistance in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.): its discovery and consequences for the lupin industry Aik Cheam and Siew Lee

Glyphosate-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) from Tamworth, Australia, has upregulated EPSPS expression. Dion K. Harrison, Wenjie Liu, Steve W. Adkins, Peter M. Gresshoff and Richard R. Williams

Molecular characterisation of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in wild oat in the northern grain-growing region of Australia. Wenjie Liu, Dion Harrison, Chris O’Donnell, Steve Adkins and Richard Williams

Evolution and spread of herbicide resistant barley grass (Hordeum glaucum Steud. and H. leporinum Link.) in South Australia. Imam Hidayat, Jeanine Baker and Christopher Preston

Preventing glyphosate resistance in weeds of the northern grain region. Steve Walker, Michael Widderick, Andrew Storrie and Vikki Osten

A population of wild oats (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) resistant to flamprop-m-methyl. John C. Broster

Experiences with triflusulfuron-methyl resistant witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum). Hilde Eelen, Robert Bulcke, Els Desmet and Robrecht Sarrazyn

No regression in the frequency of herbicide resistance in one population of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) after 13 years without herbicide use. David G. Ferris and Stephen B. Powles

Glyphosate resistance management in the USA – a Syngenta perspective. Les Glasgow, Nick Polge, Chuck Foresman and Jasper Barnes

Double knockdown to combat annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) resistance to glyphosate. Abul Hashem and Catherine Borger

Multiple resistance in glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations. Rex Stanton and John Broster

Genetic relationship between glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations from northern New South Wales. Rex Stanton, Andrew Storrie, Nigel Urwin and Jim Pratley

How many mechanisms of evolved glyphosate resistance are present in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.)? Angela M. Wakelin and Christopher Preston

INVASION AND SPREAD

The role of spatial analyses in post-border weed risk management. Neville D. Crossman

Weeds as ‘Key Threatening Processes’: implications for managing environmental weeds. Paul O. Downey and Andrew R. Leys

Natural range, nature and weeds. John L. Dwyer

Quantifying the effects of weeds on biodiversity: beyond Blind Freddy’s test A.C. Grice, A.R. Field and R.E.C. McFadyen

Early intervention action on Canary Island St. Johns wort, Hypericum canariense L., in Victoria Michael Hansford and Linda J. Iaconis

Predictive value of plant functional types in determining future high-impact weeds. Graeme T. Hastwell and F. Dane Panetta

Lippia, Phyla canescens, an increasing threat to agriculture and the environment. Mic Julien, Andrew Storrie and Rob McCosker

A pain in the grass: what’s the diagnosis? Rieks van Klinken, F. Dane Panetta, Barbara Ross and Colin Wilson

Detecting alien plant species early in the invasion process: a sampling strategy for the detection of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King and H.Rob. (Siam weed). Roger Lawes and F. Dane Panetta

Working with weeds in the Land of the Thunderdragon: an opportunity to prevent weed invasions. John Weiss, T. Thinley, Karma Nidup, Mahesh Ghimiray, Sangay Wandi and Tshering Dochen

Development of strategies for eradication of selected agricultural sleeper weeds. Gemma Woldendorp, Mary Bomford, Simon Barry, F. Dane Panetta and David Cunningham

Kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J.Scott) eradication in Western Australia: a review. Jonathan Dodd

Functional groups of bird-dispersed weeds. Carl Gosper and Gabrielle Vivian-Smith

Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.: a predicted weed threat that has not lived up to expectations? John K. Scott and Paul B. Yeoh

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

Assessment of allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus residues. Daizy R. Batish, Harminder P. Singh, Jasvir K. Pandher, Ravinder K. Kohli and Vandana Arora

Taxonomic update and Lucid key for introduced blackberry in Australia. Katherine J. Evans, David E. Symon, Molly A. Whalen, Robyn M. Barker, John R. Hosking and Julie A. Oliver

The effect of summer weed management strategies on subsequent germinations and seed bank numbers. Graham M. Fromm and Vanessa L. Grieger

Effect of sheep mastication and digestion on the transmission and viability of small-flowered mallow (Malva parviflora L.) seeds. Pippa J. Michael, Philip E. Vercoe, Kathryn J. Steadman and Julie A. Plummer

Persistence of Fumaria densiflora DC. seed in the field. Gertraud M. Norton, Deirdre Lemerle and James E. Pratley

Seed banks: the bane of the weed eradicator. F. Dane Panetta

Environmental control of dormancy in Lolium rigidum Gaud. seeds. Kathryn J. Steadman and Amanda J. Ellery

Seed bank ecology of the invasive vine, cats claw creeper (Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.Gentry). Gabrielle Vivian-Smith and F. Dane Panetta

Better management of Sonchus oleraceus L. (common sowthistle) based on the weed’s ecology. Michael Widderick, Steve Walker and Brian Sindel

Emergence and persistence of barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) and its management options in sorghum. Hanwen Wu, Steve Walker, Vikki Osten, Ian Taylor and Brian Sindel

Is South African bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata) allelopathic in Australia? Emilie-Jane Ens, Kristine French and John Bremner

Propagule pressure determines establishment after weed control. Clayson J. Howell

Bladder ketmia (Hibiscus trionum L.) in Australia – a variable taxa. Stephen B. Johnson, Brian M. Sindel and Graham W. Charles

Seed longevity of Carduus nutans in Australia: consequences for weed management. Michael J. Neave

Longevity of pond apple (Annona glabra L.) seeds and implications for management. Stephen D. Setter, Melissa J. Setter and Shane D. Campbell

Seed bank dynamics of two exotic grass species in Australia’s northern savannas. Samantha A. Setterfield, Sean Bellairs, Michael M. Douglas and Taegan Calnan

Allelopathic interference of Ageratum conyzoides L. against some crop plants. Harminder P. Singh, Daizy R. Batish, Shalinder Kaur, Ravinder K. Kohli and Kuldeep S. Dogra

Seed bank of mesquite (Leguminoseae: Prosopis spp.) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Georgina Gardner, Helen Spafford Jacob and Rieks van Klinken

Effect of temperature, scarification and light on the dormancy and germination of seeds of three mesquite (Leguminoseae: Prosopis spp.) hybrids naturalized in Australia Georgina K. Gardner, Helen Spafford Jacob, Kathryn J. Steadman and Rieks D. van Klinken

Observations of camphor laurel, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, in north eastern New South Wales. Joe A. Friend

MODELLING AND ECONOMICS

Valuation of the cost of a weed incursion in a natural environment: a simulation approach. Susan M. Hester, Jack Sinden and Oscar J. Cacho

The economic benefits of IWM: the role of risk and sustainability in farming systems. Randall Jones

What is the impact of harvesting technology on the spread of new weeds in cropping systems? M. Monjardino, A. Diggle and J. Moore

Benefit cost analysis for weed risk assessment in natural environments: full analysis, partial analysis or rules of thumb? Doreen I.S. Odom and Jack Sinden

The economic impact of weeds in Australian agriculture. Jack Sinden, Randall Jones, Susie Hester, Doreen Odom, Cheryl Kalisch, Rosemary James and Oscar Cacho

Estimating uncertainty in weed risk assessment predictions. Peter Caley, Paul Pheloung and Mark Lonsdale

Sacrificing innocents to get the outlaw – the benefits of early control. Simon Harris, Susan M. Timmins and F. Dane Panetta

COMMUNICATION AND ADOPTION (AGRICULTURAL)

No-till adoption and the weed management challenge. Frank H. D’Emden and Rick S. Llewellyn

Agricultural contractors bail up weeds – an accreditation system to reduce weed spread in Tasmania. Cindy Hanson

Farmer perceptions on herbicide resistance and proposed herbicide use to control annual ryegrass in South Australia. Dawn Hawthorn-Jackson, Christopher Preston and Robert Davidson

Extension of weed research outcomes through the Australian cotton industry. Annie Johnson and Greg Salmond

Packing the punch to weeds: WEEDpak – a weed identification and management guide for the Australian cotton industry. Stephen B. Johnson

The management of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in southern Australian broadacre farming systems is lacking in diversity Peter J. O’Connell and Jean-Louis Allard

‘Weed Warriors’ – overcoming the problem with weeds. Kate McArthur, Victoria Hawker and Megan McCarthy

Physical weed control working group – a case study of a weed information network. Andrew C. Bishop and Mike Collins

COMMUNICATION AND ADOPTION (AMENITY)

Motivating action and maintaining behaviour – challenges for Weedbusters, New Zealand. Amber Bill, Ian Popay and Susan Timmins

Lantana – at WONS with the community? Andrew Clark, Elissa van Oosterhout, Emily Menzies, Hellen Haapakoski and Michael Day

Community involvement in biological control: towards the development of an improved evaluation model. Sarah Holland-Clift and Raelene M. Kwong

How is the national Chilean needle grass program progressing? Linda J. Iaconis

Developing weed management strategies. Sarah I. Keel

Watch for these weeds: public help in weed led programs in Northland, New Zealand. A.P. McCluggage

Community weed mapping – a vision for the future. David A. McLaren, Jim Backholer, Jamie Cooper, Stephen Welsh and Domenic Scardamaglia

Using your cute and furries: the role of threatened species in weed awareness. S.J. Vidler

Measuring and evaluating performance in weed management projects. Lorne Butt, Richard Carter, Syd Lisle and Judith Rawling

A new process to identify the weeds of La Réunion Island: the AdvenRun system Thomas Le Bourgeois, Eric Jeuffrault, Pierre Grard and Alain Carrara

Working together – a cooperative approach to weed management. Ann Herbert

Identification of Chilean needle grass, Nassella neesiana – a Weed of National Significance. Linda J. Iaconis

Improving the market orientation of weeds information. Annette McCaffery and Bob Trounce

The first thousand days: communicating the introduction of change in the New Zealand Department of Conservation. Ian Popay

POLICY, PLANNING AND REGULATION

The Noxious Weeds Act 1993 (NSW) – balancing people, planet and profit? Elisa Arcioni

Successful control of honey locust trees (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) in Queensland. Steve M. Csurhes

Which thistles are truly noxious? Michael Michelmore

National Aquatic Weeds Management Group – a new approach to managing the aquatic Weeds of National Significance. Andrew Petroeschevsky

Quarantine law loophole: an examination of the known weed species permitted for import without weed risk assessment. Helen Spafford Jacob, Roderick P. Randall, Sandra G. Lloyd and Chrystal King

A national set of core attributes for surveying, mapping and monitoring Weeds of National Significance. Richard Thackway, Ian McNaught and David Cunningham

Coordinating and prioritising weed management in the Riverina. Paula Ash, Birgitte Verbeek and Doug Harris

Towards a national approach to minimise the spread of weeds within Australia. Mirranie J. Barker

Bitou bush management and plant conservation: establishing priorities for control. Paul O. Downey

Distribution, economic impact and attitudes towards silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) in Australia. David A. McLaren, Tereso A. Morfe, Iggy Honan and Royce Holtkamp

Park-scale weed risk assessment in Victoria. Kelly Raymond and Phil Pegler

Willow management developments across New South Wales. Bob Trounce

Victoria’s noxious weed review: roll out not fall out. John Weiss, Bob Edgar, Trevor Hunt and Tereso Morfe

AUTHORS’ INDEX

KEYWORD INDEX